GSDMD and asthma: In addition, the protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, IL-18, and IL-1β (Fig. 7D and E) were increased, indicating that MUC1, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and NLRP3-induced pyroptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.