Notably, knockdown of CCZ1 resulted in significant reductions of viral infection (75.2% for PHH suspension MOI 1, 90.8% for PHH suspension MOI 5, 68.5% for PHH spheroid MOI 1 and 74.1% for PHH spheroid MOI 5), irrespective of infection time, as monitored by viral-specific qRT-PCR (Fig. 6b). The gene discussed is CCZ1; the disease is viral infectious disease.