When artificially increasing the expression of NUPR1 in GBM cells cultured in GM, we observed a two-fold increase in NUPR1 mRNA, which was accompanied by a similar ~2-fold increase in expression of NUPR1 transcriptional targets ATF4, DDIT3, SPP1, and TFAM (fig. The gene discussed is NUPR1; the disease is glioblastoma.