CD8A and AIDS: In the present study, we analyzed CD8+ T-cell responses to large numbers of well-defined HIV-1 epitopes and compared the frequency and function of these T cells between before the initiation of cART and during cART in the same individuals chronically infected with HIV-1 subtype B. We demonstrated T-cell responses to 56 epitopes under cART and showed that long-term cART enhanced the ability of HIV-1-specific T cells to proliferate in vitro in non-AIDS HIV patients and restored the frequency and function of HIV-1-specific T cells in AIDS patients.