According to the GWAS catalogue look-up, this region has previously been associated with gastric cancer and several biomarker levels such as liver enzyme levels (alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase), red blood cell count, platelet count, haematocrit percentage, urate levels, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, serum uric acid levels, cystatin C levels, serum phosphate levels, urea levels, magnesium levels, serum CC16 levels, and creatinine levels (Supplementary Table S2). Here, CST3 is linked to gastric cancer.