As expected, Gal-3 levels positively correlated with the osteogenic markers BMP-2 (r = 0.4209, p < 0.0001), BMP-9 (r = 0.2675, p = 0.0007), osteopontin (r = 0.2763, p = 0.0012) and osteocalcin (r = 0.3470, p < 0.0001) in AS patients (Fig. 3A–D). Here, SPP1 is linked to aortic stenosis.