In line with this idea, and suggesting that soluble factors are likely to be responsible for regulating the responses of DCs seeded in the lower culture wells, Rimoldi et al. (2005) showed that human DCs conditioned with intestinal epithelial cell supernatants showed reduced IL-1β secretion after infection with S. Typhimurium SL1344 (Rimoldi et al. 2005). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.