ARHGAP9 and neoplasm: ARHGAP9 (Rho GTPase-activating protein 9), a tumour suppressing gene in bladder cancer55 that has been reported to be suppressed by infection in TBL, was significantly up-regulated in the attenuated passage (log2 Fold Change = 1.6; p adj < 0.001) but other ARHGAP were significantly down-regulated such as ARHGAP15 (log2 Fold Change = − 1.05; p adj < 0.001) and ARHGAP29 (log2 Fold Change = − 1.32; p adj < 0.001).