CD8A and neoplasm: Moreover, biNV-IL-15 would achieve spatiotemporally synchronous delivery of multivalent IL-15 and tumor antigen to the individual CD8+ T cells, thereby enabling stronger capability of antigen-specific T cell activation than co-administration of mixed IL-15 and biNV (IL-15+biNV), where T cells mainly interact with either IL-15 or biNV separately (Fig. 1c).