HMGB1 and neoplasm: Consistently, the stronger exposure of calreticulin (CRT) (Fig. 3b and Supplementary Figs. 9b and 10b), and more release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 9c) and secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Fig. 3d and Supplementary Fig. 9d), the typical signaling molecules involved in ICD,30 were observed in H22, 4T1 and B16-OVA cells treated by DOX@3D-MPs as compared to those treated by free DOX and 3D-MPs+DOX, suggesting that DOX@3D-MPs evoked stronger ICD effects in tumor cells.