Meanwhile, the numbers of Tcm and Tem (Supplementary Fig. 27d, e) cells were also obviously elevated in the spleens of large H22 tumor-inoculated mice treated by DOX@3D-MPs+anti-PD-1, indicating that the synergistic treatment of DOX@3D-MPs along with anti-PD-1 antibody evokes powerful immunogenic activation and immune memory for preventing tumor proliferation. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.