Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a routine clinical testing indicator for SLE and regularly elevates in active SLE patients.[32] We found that ESR values were negatively associated with CD27 expressions and positively associated with abundances of CD69, Atg5 and LC3 (Figure 6e,f; Figure S14a,b, Supporting Information). Here, CD69 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.