In this study, measurements of BMD, T-score values, BNP, BAP, TRACP-5b, FGF-23, RANKL, OPG, or 1,25(OH)2D levels were found to be insensitive in terms of predicting the progression of AS over the 24-month follow-up period (data not shown). Here, ACP5 is linked to aortic valve stenosis.