For instance, the upregulation of XIAP expression, but not other apoptotic regulators, has been associated with high-risk biological features and poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia as well as other neuroectodermal cancers like melanoma, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors—all highly aggressive malignancies with poor prognoses (12, 13, 32, 33). Here, XIAP is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.