CD38 and acute myeloid leukemia: Comparison of surface expression of antigens under evaluation for AML therapeutic targeting revealed increased abundance of CD47 (P = 0.0005), TIM-3 (P = 0.028) and U5 snRNP200 (P = 0.0006) on the surface of AML cells relative to normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (Lin−CD34+CD45dimCD90+CD38−) from age-matched healthy individuals, consistent with prior reports15,17,18 (Fig. 1c).