TNF and neoplasm: We found that injection with TNFα in late-stage mice with intraportal transplantation promoted metastatic tumor progression with increased liver weight and metastases (Fig. 6A, B), and such effects were accompanied by decreased IFN-γ+ CD8+/CD4+ and Ki67+ CD8+/CD4+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (Fig. 6C and S5D).