When we explored single SNP associations with treated hyperthyroidism we found consistent directions of association with hyperthyroidism clinical codes and instances of associations, implicating genes IGFBP5, CADM1, SOX9, BMP2, TGFB2 and SYT13, which were not detected by only studying hyperthyroidism codes in UK Biobank, consistent with earlier onset hyperthyroidism cases (Supplementary Fig. 3; Supplementary Data 7). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP5 and hyperthyroidism.