IGF1 and cancer: Other PGS associations included increased FEV1/FVC, lower risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, coeliac disease, common cancers and multi-site chronic pain, lower arterial stiffness, increased creatinine and urate, increased alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase, increased eosinophils, decreased sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone and IGF-1, decreased glucose (Supplementary Data 11) as well as altered lipid levels and composition.