TP53 and cancer: The combined tEV-gene therapy and Gem-chemotherapy effectively killed PANC-1 cells, with the CD64ck_αROR1 dtEVs containing 50/50 siKRASG12D and TP53 mRNA (Fig. 5e) showing the best performance (>65% cancer cell killing efficacy under 24 h treatment) (Fig. 5f and Supplementary Fig. 17).