When incubated for 6 hours without extrinsic stimuli, whole blood from sepsis patients, which already contained greater inflammatory cytokine concentrations than that of healthy volunteers (Figures 3, S2), showed a significant further increase of supernatant TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1α, and IL-1β concentrations (Figure 3A). Here, CXCL8 is linked to Sepsis.