In addition to inhibiting NK and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) functions, previous data suggest that TGF-β can promote the phenotypic transformation of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages and enhance M2-type macrophage activity, assisting tumor metastasis and angiogenesis (47). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.