Notably, tumor cells in the high-MGRRG-score group exhibited higher outgoing interaction strengths, with stronger probabilities of communicating through signaling pathways, such as the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) pathways, than cells in the low-MGRRG-score group. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.