Mechanistically, intratumoral P. gingivalis recruited tumor-associated neutrophils by increasing the secretion of neutrophilic chemokines (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), IL-17F, S100a8 and S100a9). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and neoplasm.