BDNF and Parkinson disease: Interestingly, in the absence of EX, a similar increase in hippocampal BDNF was observed after in vivo β-HB administration in mice with normal diet (Hu et al., 2018) while infusion of β-HB attenuates motor deficits in mouse models of Huntington’s disease and protects neurons in models of AD and PD (Kashiwaya et al., 2000).