Indeed, recent studies have suggested that microglia-derived CTSB may be a key driver in inflammatory brain diseases and aging (Nakanishi, 2020) while genetic CTSB deletion prevented cognitive impairments, reduced amyloid peptides, brain damage and pro-inflammatory factors, in animal models of traumatic brain injury, AD and aging (Hook et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CTSB and brain inflammatory disease.