Both IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced the expression of several genes in our human DRG cultures previously identified as IL-13–responsive (Miron et al., 2022), such as NPPB, TGM2, CTSC, and SUCNR1, as well as CCL11, CCL26, and ALOX15. Hierarchical clustering of samples by the top differentially expressed genes across all conditions shows clear grouping of IL-4/13-treatment samples with each other and separate from IL-33 and CIS (Figure 4B). Here, IL4 is linked to in situ carcinoma.