HLA-DQA1 and Netherton syndrome: Herein, we validated nine previously identified genetic risk variants for the development of childhood-onset NS (6–10).These risk variants are in genes associated with adaptive immunity (HLA-DQA1, BTNL2, HLA-DR/DQ, CALHM6, TNFSF15, and TNFRSF11A) and maintenance of podocyte structure and function (NPHS1/KIRREL). While these variants have been associated with childhood SSNS and were individually identified through GWAS studies, they have not yet been studied as a group of risk factors in patients with all types of childhood NS (SSNS and SRNS).