FOS and Anxiety: Optogenetic activation of basolateral amygdala (BLA) glutamatergic neurons did not alleviate anxiety in stressed mice, but optogenetic activation of BLA astrocytes had a positive effect, relieving stress-induced anxiety. Optogenetic manipulation fully restored the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced behavioral and neurobiological dysfunctions, including anxiety-like behavior, lower c-Fos expression in the BLA, S100 overexpression in the BLA, and higher serum corticosterone concentration.