These diseases are largely caused by atherosclerosis.2Interestingly, the anaphylatoxin receptors C5aR1 and C3aR are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques.31Importantly, in patients with atherosclerosis, expression of C3aR and C5aR shows a significant correlation with platelet activation markers.25, 27, 32In a mouse model, anti-C5aR1 compounds have already proven effective in enhancing revascularization.14The potential for the treatment of human patients, however, will first have to be evaluated in future clinical studies. This evidence concerns the gene C3AR1 and atherosclerosis.