The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was detected in the supernatants collected from mycoplasma-contaminated PCa cells (PC3-cM and C4–2B-cM) and mycoplasma-free cells; multiple human cancer cells (PC3, C4–2B, DU145, LNCaP, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HeLa, MG-63), a non-tumorigenic epithelial cells (MCF10A), human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), human primary fibroblasts (HF), and human primary dental pulp cells (DPC) (Fig. 1A). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cancer.