JUN and cancer: In molecular mechanism, TalaA inhibits the protein kinase activity through interaction with MAPKs (including but not limited to MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14), resulting in a decrease of the phosphorylation level of downstream substrates, including important transcription factors of cancer cells (JUN and NFATC1), translation regulatory elements (EIF4EBP1 and EIF4ENIF1), and important signal transduction molecules of cancer cells (ABL1 and RPS6KB1).