,27 Further, elevated levels of IFNγ and TNFα are often reported in human CCHF cases and high levels may correlate with fatal outcome.28, 29, 30, 31, 32 MA-CCHFV infection of WT mice is only occasionally lethal and was not associated with systemically high levels of IFNγ or TNFα,12 while the model used by Golden et al. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is infection.