In childhood trauma survivors with (n = 16) or without PTSD (n = 18), oxytocin administration was associated with reduced left amygdala–left anterior insula functional connectivity in response to fearful face presentation in females but not males, as well as reduced left amygdala–right anterior insula connectivity among females that was increased in males, and reduced right amygdala–right anterior insula connectivity in males that was increased in females (Sippel et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene OXT and post-traumatic stress disorder.