Decreased enrichment in TNFα signalling via NF-κB corresponded to reduced expression of genes in NF-κB pathway (Fig. 5E), resulting in downregulation of genes associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Serping1, Tlr2, Panx1 and Foxp1—known drivers of inflammation during AMD (Fig. 5F). This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and age-related macular degeneration.