RPN1 and central nervous system cancer: The subcellular distribution of these three genes in glioma cell line U-251MG were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining data from HPA database (http://www.proteinatlas.org), and the results showed that LRPPRC, RPN1, and GYS1 were in mitochondria, cytosol, and microtubules, respectively (Fig. 1C).