Given that SLC15A4-mediated TASL recruitment plays a critical role in TLR signaling, and both of the two proteins were reported to be involved in SLE27,43–45 as a result of overexpression or overactivation, a strategy for treating SLE could focus on blocking or reducing the interaction between SLC15A4 and TASL based on our structural findings. Here, SLC15A4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.