CCL2 and renal fibrosis: The increase in MCP-1 levels is related to glomerular macrophage infiltration in many diabetic nephropathy (DN) models.[35] High levels of MCP-1 can be used to identify renal fibrosis and predict adverse renal outcomes in the future.[36] MCP-1 and CCR2 are significantly increased in damaged kidneys.[37–40] After kidney injury, MCP-1 is highly expressed, recruiting and activating monocyte-macrophages to the injury site, and specifically binds to the receptor CCR2 on monocyte-macrophages and exerts biological effects through the calcium-dependent protein kinase C-mediated signaling pathway.