CCL2 and Nephropathy: Its main role during the transition from monocytes to pro-fibrotic macrophages is to induce cell homing and persistent pro-fibrotic macrophages, while breast regression protein 39, expressing by kidney cells, can directly promote the activation of pro-fibrotic macrophages.[45] Those suggest that after kidney damage, the MCP-1/CCR2 axis promotes renal inflammation and fibrosis by recruiting monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells to the damaged site.