MAP3K5 and pancreatic neoplasm: Bufalin (10 nM), when combined with gemcitabine (0.5–1.5 μg/mL), showed higher suppressive effects in pancreatic cancer Bxpc-3, MiaPaCa-2, and PANC-1 cells via inducing apoptosis mediated by cleaved caspase 3, Bcl-2, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/JNK (Chen et al., 2012).