Yet, there is concern about whether the use of anti-inflammatory medication to treat irAEs could also lead to decreases in the effectiveness of immunotherapy since studies with different types of cancer - including melanoma, renal, gastric, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and breast cancer - have shown that patients that better responded to anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 therapy were also the patients who developed irAEs (37–43). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.