In our study, the qPCR experiment showed that all OLs and OSCCs revealed SOX2 and OCT3/4genes but failed to establish any statistically significant correlation among them. The present study is the first to examine the expression of the above CSCs biomarkers in the most common OPMD lesion, OL (ranging from non dysplastic OL to mildly, moderately and severely dysplastic OL). Here, SOX2 is linked to oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.