IFNA1 and neoplasm: Although dsDNA or other cyclic dinucleotides have been evidenced to be efficient immunostimulatory agents for cGAS-STING activation and IFN-Is production for eliciting anti-tumor immune responses, the desirable delivery and exploitation of cyclic dinucleotides remain very challenging due to their negatively charged nature and susceptibility to nuclease degradation [19, 20].