IFNG and bacterial infectious disease: Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies were first detected in individuals with severe nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections and were thought to be an autoimmune phenocopy of the interleukin-12 (IL-12)/IFN-γ axis inborn genetic abnormalities [20]. In addition, it has been shown that anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies underlie severe Taralomyce marneffei infection in HIV-negative patients [17]. Thus, anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies-associated AOID may be viewed as a novel kind of late-onset immunodeficiency that confer a propensity not only to severe mycobacterial but also to some fungal and bacterial infections.