HGF and neoplasm: In vitro experiments by Toh et al. [127] have found that the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and TGF-β1 in MDSCs were significantly upregulated after coculture with tumor cells, while the inhibitory effect of MDSCs on the EMT of tumor cells was significantly decreased after simultaneous application of inhibitors of the above three factors.