It activates profibrotic signaling and primes kidney fibroblasts via the transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) pathway.22 In several studies, FGF23 was linked to CKD progression, CV events, and all-cause mortality in CKD patients.23,24 We show that higher FGF23 was indeed associated with all outcomes after adjustment for demographic parameters, blood pressure, comorbidities, kidney function and medications. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.