NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: We found that the differential mRNAs affected by HHQ16 were mainly enriched in dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Fig. 2a, and Supplementary Fig. 2a–d), as well as hypertrophic marker β-Mhc, Anp and Bnp (Fig. 2b), implicating that the small molecule HHQ16 has a prominent regulatory effect on cardiac hypertrophy.