It has been applied in phase I clinical trials in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).38 Similarly, αβ T cells engineered to secrete antibodies were used for a diverse set of therapeutic strategies.39 For instance, previous studies reported that targeted delivery of a PD-1-blocking single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) by CAR-T cells enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo.40 These cells may optimize clinical applications and generate novel concepts for adoptive immunotherapy in the future.41 This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and acute myeloid leukemia.