Exogenous overexpression of NPY aggravated colonic inflammation, damaged the integrity of intestinal barrier, and increased serum LPS, IL‐1β, and IL‐18, thus activating pyroptosis of osteoblasts, and further decreasing bone formation and deteriorating bone microstructure, while Y1R antagonist reversed these changes in OVX rats. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is colitis.