CD274 and neoplasm: As tumor cells can also modulate the anti-tumor immune response in direct contact to immune cells, we next analyzed the surface expression of stimulatory and suppressive immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) on tumor cells following the different treatments and an exemplarily analysis for PD-L1 is shown in Fig. 5A. It is of note that docetaxel treatment alone had no impact on the surface expression of the analyzed suppressive ICMs.