INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Research from individuals using MDI therapy with CGM and connected insulin pen or cap devices revealed that missed, mistimed, and mismatched insulin bolus doses are common and occur in both older and younger populations with T1D or T2D, and are associated with higher A1C.13–18 Numeracy challenges19–21 and the risk of insulin stacking22 add to the burden of daily insulin management for individuals on MDI therapy and the interventions that may be required from their care teams.