LN patients with active disease have increased serum syndecan-1 level compared to patients in remission and the level correlated with serological and clinical parameters of disease including anti-dsDNA antibody titre, proteinuria, serum creatinine level and both SLEDAI-2K and renal SLEDAI-2K scores (56, 105, 106). The gene discussed is SDC1; the disease is lobular neoplasia.