Another study conducted in 181 mother-newborn pairs (80 fetal growth restriction newborns, 101 normal newborns) measured third-trimester urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and placental DNA methylation levels of IGF2 and found that urinary concentrations of MEHHP and MEOHP were inversely associated significantly with placental IGF2 DNA methylation (277). Here, IGF2 is linked to fetal growth restriction.