The significant association of HSV1 seropositivity with the absence of CAN-3110 antigen and transcripts in tumours after injection suggests that an initial humoral and probably adaptive antiviral immune response led to an improved antitumour response based on the survival data and on the finding that there were still increased CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and increased immunological transcriptional programs in tumours despite absent CAN-3110 in the longer-surviving patients (Fig. 6). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.