INS and diabetes mellitus: To assess the effects of these two different glucose-lowering approaches on the development of diabetes-related NASH/HCC, STAM mice were treated with insulin analogue (insulin glargine) or phlorizin (PHZ), an SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor, and compared with non-treated control STAM mice (Fig. 2a, Supplementary Fig. 2a, b).