The CD31 or also known as the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) plays an vital role during the endothelium repair process in COPD patients (Kato et al., 2014) whereas the chemokines such as MIP-1α, MIP-3α and RANTES are usually found to be upregulated in patients with COPD, thus advocating the idea that they contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease (Bracke et al., 2007). Here, CCL5 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.