Mechanistically, ZER exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the production of NO, IL-6, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2 (PSGT2), as well as by decreasing the activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), COX-2 and NF-KB, which are key inflammatory factors in COPD (Su et al., 2021). Here, IL1B is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.